http://wdnweb.com/articles/2004/03/31/news/news01.txt
Friday, April 2, 2004
Local News
Judge stops short of injunction
By BILL SANDIFER Staff Writer
RALEIGH -- A federal judge stopped short Tuesday of issuing a preliminary injunction against the Navy in its efforts to construct an outlying landing field in Washington County. Instead, he offered a gentlemen's agreement of sorts, cautioning the Navy not to disturb the "status quo" or face a temporary restraining order.
That arrangement followed a daylong hearing on a joint motion for a preliminary injunction filed against the Navy by attorneys representing Washington and Beaufort counties and a coalition of conservation organizations. The injunction would have halted all Navy actions leading to construction of the OLF.
At the end of the day, the Kennedy Covington attorneys representing the two counties indicated they would consider filing a TRO despite the court-arranged agreement. Their decision is expected today.
Tuesday's hearing before Eastern District Court Judge Terrence Boyle was the culmination of almost four months of legal preparation on both sides, including last-minute exchanges of paperwork -- the Navy introduced one document just after lunch.
Boyle's warning that he stands ready to issue a TRO carries weight because such an action would stop the Navy immediately, it would not be subject to appeal and it could be issued without a hearing or notice to the other side. Although a TRO has a limited duration, it can be renewed.
With the twin civil suits consolidated as one, Kennedy Covington attorney Kiran Mehta took the lead in arguing three points for the plaintiffs, contending the Navy:
failed to take a "hard look" at environmental issues as required under the National Environmental Policy Act.
failed to assess adequately the cumulative impacts of the combined influence of an OLF and a proposed adjacent Mattamuskeet Military Operations Area.
failed to seek a land-use consistency determination for OLF property to be acquired in Beaufort County.
"They sort of forgot to do that with respect to Beaufort (County)," said Mehta.
Following a query from the judge regarding whether that left the record incomplete, Mehta replied, "Therein lies the $64,000 question. (The Navy is) still doing work out there."
Ray Owens, fellow team attorney, added, "We believe that's an 8,000-acre mistake," a quarter of the "entire site. We believe it speaks volumes of what was missed in environmental analysis."
Owens said the Navy had relied on 1992 studies as sufficient information to make a decision on Beaufort County.
Stephen Bartell, a Department of Justice trial attorney, countered that the Navy had "exhaustively analyzed all of the impacts."
Regarding the Navy's failure to conduct a consistency determination, Bartell said, "The state of North Carolina did not challenge that determination."
Bartell, however, failed to acknowledge a late fall land-use consistency challenge mounted by the state Division of Coastal Management. That challenge cited the number of changes made between the draft and final environmental impact statements, changes that DCM contended amounted to an entirely different level of impact on land use. The conclusion of that communication was that the initial finding of consistency was no longer valid.
"Yes, there will be impacts ... but these impacts have been considered," argued Bartell. "A preliminary injunction will harm the United States and the U.S. Navy."
Bartell further argued that the roughly 740 acres within the OLF core on which farming would be restricted represented a fraction of county land and that the remaining acreage could be farmed normally. However, the Navy has conceded that point is subject to change.
In addition, Bartell told the court there are no wetlands or easements that would cause problems within the core area.
However, Navy research failed to note that the state Department of Environment and Natural Resources holds a permanent 80-acre wetlands easement on farmland owned by Washington County resident Jimmy D. Harrison. That land, based on mapping data provided by DENR, is inside the proposed fence slated to surround the core airfield.
Bartell also indicated that bird populations at the nearby Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge should prosper under Navy ownership.
Boyle asked, "Are you saying that it's better for the birds if the Navy owns (the land)?"
Bartell contended that, while farmers can change their crops, thereby depriving birds of food, "the Navy has no intention of changing the habitat."
Following more give-and-take, Bartell conceded, "Your honor, I'm not suggesting it'll be better for the birds if the Navy owns it."
Bartell went on to bird-aircraft strike hazard management.
"How do you coordinate that with the birds?" asked Boyle.
Bartell said the Navy would develop a plan.
During a recent state-Navy panel meeting, Navy officials conceded that BASH studies had not resulted yet in a BASH plan.
"It's in the process," said Bartell, "and that site will not be operated until a plan is prepared."
However, he sad no decision had been made on whether bird-detecting radar would be necessary at the OLF, despite the site's "severe" bird-hazard rating for half the year. The decision on radar would follow more studies, he explained.
Bartell, however, pointed to successful BASH management at the Dare County bombing range.
"The difference is," said the judge, "there aren't any birds in the Alligator River."
"We recognize that," said Bartell.
Birds aside, Bartell acknowledged the Navy is "very sympathetic and acknowledges the sense of harm being felt by the landowners."
However, he continued that "those are not legally protected interests. ... Again, these are potential and consequential harms" that could result should land acquisition and construction of an OLF continue.
"There is nothing immediate," he added. "Nothing is going to happen ... for over three years."
At the core of the plaintiffs' case is the argument that the scope of Navy plans, if allowed to go ahead, would amount to a "bureaucratic steamroller." And that motion, if started, argued Mehta, would be hard to stop.
The Navy argued that no halt to its operations was warranted since no harm would come to the environment, wildlife or the region until at least 2007, when operation of the OLF was anticipated to begin. At that point, say documents filed with the court, should damage occur, the decision to allow the OLF project to continue could "be set aside."
Based on those arguments, concluded Bartell, plaintiffs' attorneys had engaged in a "rather unpersuasive attempt at (arguing the concept of) 'bureaucratic steamroller.'"
Instead, he argued, the Navy was the party which stood to suffer "severe" harm from delay in construction of an OLF.
That argument, charged Mehta, was inaccurate and illegal. He cited the purchase of the first acre of land as the point at which "harm" would occur. That harm, he contended, took the form of a loss of tax revenue to the county and the loss of property to the landowner.
Bartell argued that national security needs dictated the kind of quality OLF site Washington County could offer.
Asked by the judge whether the "nuisance factor" surrounding Virginia airfields played into the decision, Bartell replied, "That's part of it."
"The Navy," he added, "knows its training needs. It's not for the county or the conservation groups to decide."
Additionally, said Mehta, waterfowl that rely on regional refuges would never acclimate to jet noise, citing the Navy's own final environmental impact statement as the source. A Navy contract study from which Mehta read found that tundra swans were flushed for several miles around by a small civilian aircraft flying at altitudes ranging from several hundred to several thousand feet.
Mehta concluded that the Navy had ignored its own study that found migratory waterfowl "habituate" to such noise much as crows and predatory birds do. He added that Navy fighters are many times louder than the Cessna aircraft cited in the contract study.
When Boyle asked Mehta about the level of OLF usage anticipated by the Navy, Mehta again quoted from the FEIS, saying flights would average once every half hour, day and night, seven days a week.
"So you're saying roughly 48 a day?" asked Boyle.
Mehta suggested in reality it would be more than that, with many exercises flown at night, according to the Navy.
"A significant portion of those (would) be over the refuge," added Mehta.
Bartell, however, contended that Mehta was wrong in his estimation of frequency, suggesting training periods would be more on the order of one or two times a day, about 45 minutes each. He acknowledged that could change with "needs of the military."
Following that, Bartell announced a revision in proposed flight operations for the OLF.
"That holding pattern is not going to be where it is today," Bartell explained, adding that the floor either would be elevated or moved west, away from the refuge. There was no explanation of whether that would involve moving the airfield.
The new floor, he explained, would be raised to 3,000 feet, the floor of the proposed Mattamuskeet Military Operations Area. There was no explanation of possible conflicts with that MOA floor.
Mehta pointed to that proposal as an indication the Navy continues to reformulate its approach to operating an OLF in Washington County.
Bartell, however, indicated that that revision should reduce some of the noise for birds in the refuge, despite his claim that the Navy has "anecdotal" evidence that tundra swans have a high noise tolerance.
He cited traffic volume in the area as evidence that the birds adapt well to noise.
"There's a lot of traffic in this area," said Bartell.
"On (N.C.) Highway 99?" asked Boyle. "Where does it come from; where does it go?"
Bartell finally conceded, "I've only been there once."
Following that exchange, Bartell argued that there was "intense hunting pressure on snow geese" in the area around the OLF site.
Questioned where that information came from, Bartell said, "Your honor, I don't have that information in front of me."
Following an explanation of the difficulty in bagging a snow goose, the judge asked Bartell, "If you find somebody who's killed one, write (me)."
Bartell, however, did sting plaintiffs' attorneys with one observation: Regarding arguments surrounding the state's position on land-use issues and consistency determination, Bartell noted that there appeared to be no state representative present in the courtroom.
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